ABSTRACT
This chapter suggests an analytical framework and presents empirical data on these dynamics, as well as on the consequences that 'globalization' has on the international organization of science, analyzing the complex relations between centers and peripheries. It analyzes a case study from a semi-peripheral country, the development of agricultural biosciences and biotechnologies in Argentina, to show the various emerging alliances between new centers and peripheries within and across the country. The chapter argues for the theoretical development of a world-system analysis 2.0 to better understand exactly how globalized science makes national action and policies more important but also more difficult as the disparities between scientific disciplines are exacerbated by international scientific cooperation and competition. In most peripheral contexts, a substantial part of knowledge is still being produced by public institutions, with very infrequent participation and relationships with the private/industrial sector—a marked difference to the 'Global North'.
