ABSTRACT
Since 1945, attitudes to both migration and net reproduction have changed substantially. Involuntary migration on a significant scale occurred in the aftermath of the war, notably German refugees fleeing westward. Voluntary migration between countries is on a much smaller scale than at its peak in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. To recapitulate very briefly, the argument in relation to the major less developed nations is as follows. Given the scale of the development which is needed, it is manifest that the main impulse must be derived from internal sources. For an important group of nations with large populations, exogenous influences are unlikely to be dominant in the development process and reliance must be placed on endogenous processes. This implies the adaptation of technology and organizational forms to suit the local conditions of physical environment and social structure.
