ABSTRACT
The pessimistic perspective entails several assumptions held by some managers. They assume that Knowledge Management (KM) is a failure and that problems in their organizations are not knowledge-based. These managers also have a worldview that information or technology systems are not a panacea to solve problems. The realistic perspective assumes that there is more complexity to the implementation of a KMS than organizations normally consider and that KM is a change process rather than simply another managerial system. Managers who subscribe to this perspective believe that conclusions about KM are possible only after the enterprise obtains results from experiments. Researchers have begun to explore various topics in KM. There is a growing body of knowledge that distinguishes KM from information systems and focuses on research questions that are unique to KM. Many organizations in the private and public sectors have already purchased and implemented such systems. The progress of KM has also generated a combination of disciplinary methods and systems.
