ABSTRACT
The grammatical systems that signal the type of act are the mood systems. It is supplemented by intonation, which is to some extent independent of mood and in bound clauses there is no mood system. But some comment on this claim is necessary, since there is a close parallel between the indicative moods in free clauses and the subtypes of reported clause. Mood, tense, polarity and modality in the reporting clause may make a difference to the ease with which a structure is accepted as possible English. Some reporting verbs are known as factive verbs since they have the interesting characteristic, when they dominate a reported declarative, that they presuppose the truth of the reported clause. The author chooses to call pseudo-report structures brings people close to direct speech. In the direct-speech examples, both clauses have primary mood and hence are both free clauses that is a complicated discourse type in which the speaker jumps from one situation to another.
