ABSTRACT
In order to understand the current state of ECI in each country, we briefly describe the historical, conceptual and legislative bases of ECI in both Portugal and Spain. Then we will proceed to an analysis of the current reality of practices in Portugal and the process of transformation in Spain. We conclude the chapter by describing some future directions and by discussing events that have been key to making a paradigm shift in how ECI is practised, and the national and international support network that has been created during this process.
