ABSTRACT
In 2003, Goldman Sachs (the investment banking and securities firm) joined a group of investors to form the Asset Management Working Group (a United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative) “to identify environmental and social issues likely to be material for company competitiveness in the global energy industry, and to the extent possible, quantify their potential impact on stock prices.” 1 They called this initiative GS SUSTAIN. Goldman Sachs also developed its own environmental, social, and governance (ESG) framework to evaluate any company’s performance. 2
