ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the constrained industrial expansion and examines the roots of the manufacturing development that has taken place. It discusses the concepts of developmental states and indigenous technological capacity (ITC) and then reviews recent industrial policy initiatives that are reviving the hopes nationalist leaders had when their new nations were launched. The chapter also examines how dynamic bottom up industrialization could take place in Africa. It shows the importance of indigenous technological capacity in examples of successful manufacturing growth; but ITC has often been limited by training gaps, ivory tower research institutions and the challenges of accessing contemporary global value chains with their high quality standards and established networks. Developing marketing effectiveness and upgrading products are particularly significant in expanding exports as Global Value Chains become more important – these interlinked networks of trade in intermediate goods and related services have grown markedly over 1992–2012.
