ABSTRACT
In the Hebrew Scriptures the Israelites experienced God as the Lord of history. According to the Hebrew Bible, the universe owes its existence to the one God, the creator of heaven and earth, and since all human beings are created in his image, all men and women are brothers and sisters. Jewish Biblical teaching emphasizes that God alone is to be worshipped. In the early rabbinic period Jewish sages were troubled by the Christian doctrine of the Incarnation, which they viewed as dualistic in character. In the Middle Ages the Christian doctrine of the Trinity was frequently attacked by Jewish scholars because it appeared to undermine pure monotheism. A more extreme theological position has been adopted by Humanistic Jews who reject the belief in God altogether. In the 1960s the Reform rabbi Sherwin Wine founded a new movement, Humanistic Judaism, which denies any form of supernaturalism.
