ABSTRACT
This chapter begins by identifying the main treaty and customary law applicable to targeting. In Part 3, focus then shifts specifically to the targeting of people. This analysis expands on concepts introduced in earlier chapters by exploring in greater detail the idea of direct participation in hostilities, and what this means for civilians who engage in hostilities, either as individuals or members of an organized armed group. Part 4 then transitions to the targeting of objects, with emphasis being placed on the criteria that make what are ordinarily civilian objects targetable as military objectives. Following that, the application of the targeting precautions and the concept of excessive collateral casualties, or damage are explored. Both treaty-based rules and judicial treatment are utilized in assessment of collateral effects, or the proportionality test. Finally, Part 5 closes with miscellaneous issues associated with the use of force and targeting involving the use of drones, rules of engagement, and investigations.
