ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the background to the various specific learning difficulties (SpLDs) and particularly the implications and the link between assessment and teaching. The term 'specific learning difficulties' refers to children who experience a range of challenges in one or more of the following areas: literacy, numeracy, writing, movement and attention. There is a range of labels that can be used to describe individual aspects of SpLD and many of these labels can show overlapping characteristics. The most popular of these labels include dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The most widely accepted guidance on ADHD can be seen in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. When identifying the barriers to learning it is important to look at students holistic needs. This would include: cognitive, environmental and progress in basic attainments. The assessment intervention process should be reciprocal, each informing the other.
