ABSTRACT

In this comprehensive guide, Brixen takes the reader through the complex and confusing aspects of audio metering, imparting the knowledge and skills needed to utilize optional signal levels and produce high-quality audio.

Covering all aspects of this fundamental subject, Audio Metering: Measurements, Standards and Practice begins with the basics, such as audio definitions and digital techniques, and works up to more complex topics like hearing and psychoacoustics.

This revised and expanded third edition includes:

  • Updated information on loudness metering, covering both existing and new standards.
  • Definitions of terms such as LKFS, LUFS, gating, LRA.
  • Explanations of signal types and musical sounds and structures.
  • Further details on immersive audio.
  • Skills needed for both small-room acoustics and large auditorium sound design without loss of sound quality.
  • Descriptions of measurement signals and systems for audio and acoustic sound.
  • A chapter on listening tests from small set-ups to large-scale comparisons of PA/SR-systems.

Packed full of valuable information with a wide range of practical applications, this is the essential reference guide to audio metering for technicians, engineers, and tonmeisters, as well as sound designers working with acoustics, electroacoustics, broadcast, studio recording, sound art, archiving, audio forensics, and theatrical and live-audio setups.

chapter Chapter 1|11 pages

Acoustic Sound

chapter Chapter 2|3 pages

From Acoustic Sound to Electrical Signals

chapter Chapter 3|15 pages

Digital Representation

chapter Chapter 4|18 pages

Signal Types

chapter Chapter 5|8 pages

How Large Is an Audio Signal?

chapter Chapter 6|11 pages

The dB Concept

chapter Chapter 7|13 pages

The Ear, Hearing, and Level Perception

chapter Chapter 8|5 pages

Time Weighting

chapter Chapter 9|19 pages

Frequency Weighting and Filters

chapter Chapter 10|10 pages

Determination of Loudness

chapter Chapter 11|5 pages

Characteristics of Level Meters

chapter Chapter 12|5 pages

The Standard Volume Indicator (VU Meter)

chapter Chapter 13|5 pages

Peak Program Meter – PPM

chapter Chapter 14|15 pages

Loudness Metering

chapter Chapter 15|8 pages

Calibration of Level and Loudness Meters

chapter Chapter 16|8 pages

Relationships Between Scales

chapter Chapter 17|6 pages

Dynamic Scales

chapter Chapter 18|11 pages

Polarity and Phase Reading

chapter Chapter 19|7 pages

Display of Level Distribution

chapter Chapter 20|20 pages

Multichannel/Immersive Audio

chapter Chapter 21|19 pages

Standards and Practices

chapter Chapter 22|8 pages

Summation of Audio Signals

chapter Chapter 23|12 pages

Digital Interface

chapter Chapter 24|10 pages

Audio-over-IP

chapter Chapter 25|16 pages

Where to Connect a Meter

chapter Chapter 26|8 pages

FFT, Fast Fourier Transformation

chapter Chapter 27|7 pages

Spectrum Analyzer

chapter Chapter 28|12 pages

Other Measurement Systems

chapter Chapter 29|5 pages

Measurement Signals

chapter Chapter 30|6 pages

Sound Level Meters

chapter Chapter 31|11 pages

NR, NC, PNC, RNC, and RC Curves

chapter Chapter 32|19 pages

Room Acoustic Measures

chapter Chapter 33|18 pages

Listening Tests