ABSTRACT
Two- and three-dimensional systems of stress and strain are often met in the field of structural analysis. In the case of two-dimensional systems of stress and strain, such cases are often met on the decks and bulkheads of ships, together with those on rudders and propeller blades. Similar cases are met with aircraft and submarine structures, on the fuselages and wings of aircraft, and the pressure hulls and bulkheads of submarines. This chapter shows to: understand principal stresses and strains, together with the maximum shear strain, calculate principal stresses and strains, and maximum shear strains, solve problems involving combined bending and torsion of circular section shafts. It also shows to: understand pure shear, plane stress and plane strain, understand the use and applications of strain gauge rosettes, calculate principal stresses and principal strains from strain gauge readings, understand the basic equations involving materials made from composites.
