ABSTRACT

Any organization in which someone has authority over someone else is a hierarchy. Governments, corporations, fraternities, universities, and police departments are all hierarchies. Most organizations are hierarchical in some respects; some are more hierarchical

than others. e greater the number of levels of supervisors or administrators an organization has, the more hierarchical the organization is. For example, Figure 5.1 shows that police department A is more hierarchical than department B, even though both have the same number of employees.