ABSTRACT

In Part II we explored why the environment is endangered. In Chapter 4 we discovered that, to anyone who reviews mainstream theories carefully, the implications of externalities, public goods, free access to common property resources, and discrepancies between profit rates and the social rate of time discount reveal a great deal about why the environment is at risk. In Chapter 5 we confirmed that, above and beyond these problems, private enterprise market economies also contain an unhealthy growth imperative that is environmentally destructive, even if several heterodox schools of economic thought that make this argument fail to argue the case in a convincing way. We also discovered that the environmental Kuznets curve is not likely to solve our environmental problems for us. Having understood the nature of the problem, we are now ready in Part III to consider what can be done about it.