ABSTRACT
Confucianism and Daoism both appeared about the same time, during the fifth century bce. The Confucian temples reflect the significant position Confucius held in Chinese society and their style influenced Eastern architecture across the region. The tomb resembled palace architecture, with part of the tomb built above ground and enclosed by walls. Chinese art and crafts, including painting, calligraphy, lacquer work, and ceramics, remain highly prized today, as are the semiprecious stones, such as jade, that were so valued by the emperors. Buddhist monks and nuns lived and prayed in separate religious complexes. In March 1974, three farmers were digging a well in a field in Lintong, near the city of Xi'an, in Shaanxi province, when they uncovered the head of a terracotta warrior figurine. Archaeologists discovered a complex of royal tombs of Shang Dynasty kings in Anyang, Henan province, the last Shang capital city. The ancient Shang believed in human sacrifice and the tombs showed how this was done.
