ABSTRACT
Engineering also used articles as its main means of training in 1838 the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) made a successful pupillage followed by five years in 'responsible situations' its principle qualification for membership. By the 1860s the impact of British complacency concerning engineering training was beginning to affect the ICE. Engineering training remained resolutely grounded in experience rather than theory until the end of the century. Most of the larger firms took in pupils in a formal arrangement in exchange for a premium – a training fee, which varied according to the prestige of the office. A helpful publication from 1842, The Complete Book of Trades or the Parents' Guide and Youth's Instructor, provided an idea of how the training system for architects worked. The Ecclesiological Society, following its own renaming in 1845, was not interested in training architects, but it had a great deal to say about their belief system.
