ABSTRACT
The institutions were not alone in finding the transition from the hierarchical structure of the late 19th century into the world of mass culture of the 20th difficult. The move to a formally educated and degree-bearing professional workforce continued slowly and relentlessly, and despite all external events, throughout the 20th century. The change from practitioner-institution control to a series of more equal institution-university relationships meant a significant power shift away from the professions as a whole that was unenthusiastically accepted. In particular it meant that the institutions lost the ability to vet and restrict who would be allowed to start training as a construction professional. The change from practitioner-institution control to a series of more equal institution-university relationships meant a significant power shift away from the professions as a whole that was unenthusiastically accepted. The Institution of Civil Engineers contributed to the general sense that action was necessary. The Institution held two conferences on the 'Education and Training of Engineers'.
