ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book focuses on ten cities which are emblematic of many other post-industrial cities that were hard hit in the 1980s, such as Youngstown, Ohio, and Gary, Indiana, in the US, and Glasgow, Scotland, and Nantes, France, in Europe. It discusses several concerns that impact the cities that are national, even global, in scope and that are beyond the capabilities of cities or regions in North America and Europe to solve on their own. These are universal concerns affecting all cities, not just post-industrial cities, and include, among other things, energy, water, immigration, and equity. The book discusses the worldwide oil crises of 1973 and the early 1980s as precipitating economic decline in their cities. It explains the commonalities and summarize the lessons learned from the case studies.
