ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on moral enhancement in terms of agential moral neuroenhancement. Potential uses of brain stimulation devices for moral enhancement include attempts to reduce impulsive tendencies in psychopaths, as well as efforts to treat addiction and improve self-control, thereby making associated "immoral behavior" less likely. Moral neuroenhancements in particular appear to be immune to many of the more common moral concerns that have been raised about neuroenhancements. These concerns have often focused on ways in which neuroenhancements undergone by some individuals might harm or wrong others by placing them at an unfair competitive disadvantage or by undermining commitments to solidarity or equality. Some significant concerns have been raised regarding the permissibility and desirability of undergoing moral neuroenhancements or certain kinds of moral neuroenhancements. The chapter outlines two dominant concerns are restriction of freedom and misfiring. First-order capacities include basic features of psychology that are relevant to moral motivations and behavior, such as empathy and a sense of fairness.
