ABSTRACT
Insurgent activity had its primary material impact within the rural areas of Zimbabwe. Only the secon dary results of this onslaught, such as increased urban squatting, were felt in and around towns and cities. Much of the country, formerly known as the Tribal Trust Lands (TTL1s) was poorly developed by comparison with the mainly white-controlled commer cial and farming areas. This is'still the case today. It was within these often remote areas that ZANLA and ZPRA forces established their base areas which eventually encircled the economic heartland of Zim babwe .
