ABSTRACT
Anatomically, modern humans evolved from our primate ancestors around 100,000 years ago. It took another 50,000 years for our brains and culture to evolve sufficient complexity to make us capable of language, planning, and creativity. But alas, this very complexity has a downside. The more recently emergent aspects of our brains, which give us such astonishing powers of
thought, logic, imagination, empathy, and morality, are interdependent with much older circuitry that we share with our mammalian and reptilian forebears. So, even today, one of the most basic human challenges is integrating and coordinating the complex and very different systems that make up our brains.
