ABSTRACT
This chapter explores Gilgamesh’s identity as a king in light of the political, social, and religious responsibilities of the institution. It highlights the sacred aspects of the king’s position, particularly in terms of the dispensation of justice and the maintenance of cosmic order. The chapter considers how the character of Utanapishtim provides a model of ideal kingship, one which leads Gilgamesh to eventual acceptance of his social position, and back to civilisation. It also considers the origins of Mesopotamian deities, Vanstiphout provided a useful collection of qualities and powers often associated with divinity in Mesopotamian religion. These include omnipresence, immortality, omniscience, omnipotence, and guardianship or responsibility. The Mesopotamian king of epic poetry inhabited the indistinct realm dividing the mortal and divine spheres, a role that held great significance for the king’s city and subjects, as well as for his own identity.
