ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book presents an integrative study that views the topic of risk from below and embeds human risk practices in the cultural and social environment. In recent years, the DKI Jakarta government has tried to decrease the city's flood problem by taking physical and technical measures such as widening and clearing the riverbanks, but little is done to address the vulnerability of slum dwellers to floods. Riverbank settlers are often portrayed by the elite as the creators of floods, but this book has underscored that they should in reality be seen more as the victims of a highly unequal society. The book focuses on a normal uncertainty perspective in which floods were not regarded as exogenous events but rather as part and parcel of daily life, in which people have to overcome many different dilemmas and hazards.
