ABSTRACT
This chapter explains how to develop a conceptual model for hypothesized relationships. The process of conceptualization begins with the identification of variables and constructs. Variables are the observable and measurable characteristics in a conceptual model. Once the conceptualization process has been completed, the researcher can more accurately select the appropriate research design. Conceptualization involves three tasks: identifying the variables and constructs for one's research, specifying hypotheses and relationships, and preparing a diagram that visually represents the theoretical basis of the relationships. The chapter discusses the exploratory research using qualitative approaches before explaining the quantitative research using descriptive designs. Exploratory research relies more heavily on qualitative techniques, although it is possible to use quantitative approaches. Researchers can enter key terms related to the research question and locate dozens, perhaps hundreds of potential sources containing related research. Descriptive research is designed to obtain data that describe the characteristics of the topic of interest in the research.
