ABSTRACT
In Provence the practice of collective grazing on the arable had at one time been observed with almost as much rigour as in other unenclosed regions.1 Although farmers were sometimes allowed to fence off part of their fallow, for example to provide grazing for their plough-animals, this permission applied only to a small fraction of their property (as at Grasse, after the ordinances of 1242).2 The fourteenth century, however, saw the beginnings of a strong movement away from this ancient custom.
