ABSTRACT
Television and radio can be sent by satellite transmissions or digitally via the Internet, and television can be sent via cable. The traditional term broadcast is still used when referring to these advertising media. Nielsen has been tracking digital video recorder (DVR) viewership since 2005. Many local television stations are joined together in chains called networks. The costs of advertising time on television depend on the size of the audience, which varies by station or program, of course, but also by time of day. National television ratings are collected via small devices called People Meters, which are connected to televisions in selected homes. Broadcast audiences are measured by the ratings services, which in the case of television are provided primarily by Nielsen company. Nielsen uses the concept of the designated market area (DMA) to measure individual markets.
