ABSTRACT
Just as concerns were emerging in the early 1990s around the 'predict and provide' model to meet growing demands for auto travel, transport researchers and developers were experimenting with the latest advances in Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). They were exploring how ICT could be used to produce a more efficient transport system, reduce congestion, make the roads safer and provide better information to travellers in cars and on public transport. Intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS) evolved into the broader realm of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The most influential location technology has been the global positioning system (GPS) for vehicle tracking and navigation. Influential technologies trigger a makeover in products and services. For example, GPS took off when government restrictions on its availability in real time were lifted, but this also coincided with advances in digital mapping and Geographic Information System (GIS).
