ABSTRACT
This chapter presents some ground rules for the voltage symbols. The rule applies to the transformer schematic diagrams and phasor diagrams. The values of a transformer's primary and secondary impedances is achieved by conducting two experiments. These experiments are used to determine the efficiency of a transformer, called 'open-circuit test' and 'short-circuit test'. The transformer is described as a step-up transformer. The chapter explains the behaviour of a static transformer under various conditions, such as when it is in 'off load' and when it supplies various types of load such as purely resistive, purely inductive, resistive-inductive, etc. If the ideal transformer had no magnetic leakage, the turns ratio and voltage ratio are said to be identical. The chapter discusses the energy losses that occurs in the transformer's core, called 'iron losses'. It falls into two categories: 'eddy-current losses' and 'hysteresis' losses. Furthermore, the transformer has no iron losses or any magnetic leakage occurring within its core.
