ABSTRACT
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an approach which has over the years accrued a substantial research base regarding its effectiveness with treating a range of mental health disorders. CBT requires a collaborative problem-solving approach between client and clinician. The procedure begins with the identification of negative automatic thoughts and emotions. Escape behaviours are usually avoidance strategies, in some shape or form. CBT offers a flexible framework, and the therapeutic process may develop in a number of ways, but commonly, the approach progresses by having the client expand on the negative thoughts outlined in the formulation. Mindfulness encourages the development of recognizing one's 'state' or sense of being rather than the act of simply doing associated with that particular state. Neurolinguistic programming is arguably the most well known of the para-psychotherapies that has been applied to stuttering, and was developed in the 1970s by Richard Bandler.
