ABSTRACT
Stuttering may appear subsequent to neurological damage following central nervous system (CNS) trauma such as stroke or head injury, and in epilepsy, in the absence of pre-morbid history of stuttering or of any other co-occurring speech or language disorder. Dichotic listening studies, which involve the identification of different auditory stimuli delivered to the left and right ears, have shown that stuttering tends to be associated with either a left ear advantage or inconsistent right ear preference for linguistic information, indicating right hemisphere activity for processing. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a process which measures electrical activity in the brain through strategically placed electrodes on the scalp. Gradient Order Directions into Velocities of Articulators (GODIVA) provides a computational model showing how language could be represented in the brain. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) works by introducing small electric currents to highly specific brain areas via a magnetic field generator placed near the head of the participant.
