ABSTRACT
The variables are simple factors that become an object of examination. Variables are defined at two levels: conceptually and operationally. Variables are measured at four levels: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. The ordinal level measures a variable not by category but in terms of degrees of difference, rank ordering attributes from low to high or least to most. An independent variable is something that manipulates in a cause-and-effect experiment in order to examine its impact. It's also referred to as X or the 'cause'. A dependent variable, traditionally referred to as Y or the 'effect', varies as a result of X. Major standardized tests, such as IQ, aptitude, college entrance, and many others that score people on such variables as self-esteem, satisfaction, intelligence, depression, aptitude uses the level of measure (LOM). In quantitative studies that require statistics, variables are also said to be measured at one or other level.
