ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the nature of organization-wide interventions and the changes that they create. It discusses the application of important organization-wide interventions, including survey feedback, System 4 Management, Grid Organization Development (OD), goal setting and Management by Objectives (MBO), total quality management (TQM), diversity management, dialogic approaches, and cultural assessment. MBO is an organization-wide intervention designed to increase motivation, job satisfaction, productivity, and communication by integrating individual and organizational goals. TQM is a comprehensive approach to organizational change that emphasizes participative management, continuous process improvement, and the use of teams to continually improve quality and productivity. TQM uses a variety of statistical process control techniques, such as Pareto charts, histograms, and scatter diagrams, to help organizational members improve work processes. Edgar Schein proposes a three-level model of culture that emphasizes the complex and encrypted nature of culture. System 4 Management is an organization-wide intervention based on a model of managerial and organizational effectiveness developed by Rensis Likert.
