ABSTRACT
Introduction Cyberspace is critical to modern naval strategy and security because it underpins the essential communications networks and capabilities of naval forces. Information-based capabilities are integrated throughout fl eets and enhanced by cyberspace, thus enabling robust command and control, battlespace awareness, intelligence gathering, and precision targeting, which are at the core of mission success. In the modern era, navies must defend and maintain the freedom to operate within cyberspace in order to be eff ective forces at sea. As U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta said, “modern armed forces cannot conduct high-tempo, eff ective operations without reliable information and communication networks and assured access to space and cyberspace.” 1
Understanding the role that cyber plays in the maritime environment is fundamental to understanding the evolving responsibilities of naval forces in the twenty-fi rst century. In order to understand the implications of cyberspace for navies, this chapter will examine the implications of cyberspace through the lens of the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of warfare. Then it will analyze the structure (or layers) of cyberspace to identity additional areas where naval forces rely on cyberspace. Finally, this chapter will present the potential opportunities and challenges of cyberspace for scholars and policy-makers interested in naval security and strategy.
