ABSTRACT
This chapter examines a multitude of ways in which wilderness resources are utilized and exploited by different individuals and groups with different purposes. It explains the act of turning something to use by utilization. The chapter refers to the process whereby something is turned to practical account for the sake of economic gain by exploitation. It examines the practices that appear to be exploitative, such as mining, fishing and hunting, logging, drilling, road building, and related activities characterized by the explicit intent of modifying wilderness areas and thus, potentially, extinguishing their wild character. The chapter argues that the boundaries between non-consumptive and consumptive, provisioning and cultural services, and/or utilization and exploitation, are more blurred than is thought. It highlights many issues about wilderness exploitation in Iceland but one in particular stands out as being unique and particularly revealing.
