ABSTRACT
This chapter will deal, almost exclusively, with the ethical framework known as Just War theory (JWT), and show how it can be relevantly applied to matters of espionage and cyber-espionage. However, to begin with we will have to engage with a seemingly obvious question: why talk about war in a volume about espionage? Although there are connections between the two – the most obvious being their shared concern for national security – war seems to occupy a very different moral space from espionage. The former is widespread, public, involves soldiers and killing; the latter is discrete, targeted, and involves spies and deception. What is the connection between the two?
