ABSTRACT
Are there moral limits on what spies may do? And if so, what are they? The task of this chapter is not to set out a list of prohibitions or requirements, at least not in the first instance. Rather, it is to articulate and justify a moral framework that will result in such requirements. The framework faces the interesting and tricky problem that, for all practical purposes and with some limited exceptions, non-practitioners cannot identify any such list. Moreover, practitioners cannot do so non-mutably. One has to enjoy the epistemic privileges that come from currently being a spy in order to contribute. This is frustrating for philosophers who would like to exercise ex cathedra moral authority. But there is a more serious implication: the juridification of policy for spies should be resisted.
