Crime as an unintended consequence: planning for healthy cities and the need to move beyond crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)

The disciplines of public health and planning share similar origins and there have been repeated calls to reconnect the two (Rydin et al., 2012b;

Kent and Thompson, 2012). In the nineteenth century, public health officials and planners worked together to reduce the harmful effects of rapid urbanisation following the industrial revolution (Del Carmen and Robinson, 2002). These problems included infectious diseases such as typhoid, tuberculosis, cholera and bubonic plague, which were associated with unplanned or “laissez­faire” planning. This lack of planning contributed towards the development of unsanitary, unhealthy, congested, polluted and crime­ridden cities with poor sewerage and inadequate water supplies. Indeed, this period has been referred to as the “sanitary awakening” (Galea and Vlahov, 2005).