ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the key findings from the paper that introduced the oxymoronic concept of "automatic control" and findings that were inspired by the concept of automatic control. It examines the key findings that have demonstrated that the item-specific proportion congruence (ISPC) effect has to do with cognitive control and is not simply a stimulus response (S-R) learning phenomenon. The chapter describes the Larry's contributions to the study of interference control in memory was to show that there is a relative sparing of automatic memory retrieval processes and a decline in controlled retrieval processes with age. It explains the ISPC transfer effect to novel exemplars of the animals that were encountered during training, showing less interference for 50" congruent transfer items from the mostly incongruent (MI) condition than the mostly congruent (MC) condition. This chapter concludes by considering the relevance of the conceptualization of cognitive control to the examination of age-related changes in performance on interference control tasks, including Stroop.
