ABSTRACT
The research in psychoneuroendocrinology emerges as coherent in its picture of the effects of early experience of parenting on the long-term development of the young individual. People gets to know more and more about how experiences early in life, including exposure as a fetus to the mother's stress, may nudge the development of basic physiological systems with consequences for the individual. According to the psychological theory, the combination of mutually responsive orientation between mother and small child and lower levels of parental power assertion, is associated with better self-regulation by the child and more positive development of interpersonal and moral behaviour. This chapter talks about brain regions and mirror neurons in the neuroscience, and explains how different neuro transmitters and hormones are involved. It also discusses the systems for memory, attention, and executive control that people need to learn, to remember, to focus attention, to switch attention, to choose between actions, and to inhibit inappropriate action.
