ABSTRACT
Economic, environmental, social and energy objectives may be achieved by making physical changes not just to the demand for goods and services but also to the systems providing the same. These physical changes are brought about by people changing consumption patterns, by using technologies differently, and also by developing entirely new technologies. This chapter aims at further work that will help collate measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and associated air pollutants all over the world and to identify the best practices for introducing these measures. It uses Europe as the example, with the focus being on emissions from energy supply and consumption. End of Pipe-abatement technologies typically decrease energy efficiency and some produce wastes, and decreasing energy efficiency usually causes a corresponding increase in CO2 emissions. In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, Non-End of Pipe options generally decrease the emissions of air pollutants such as SO2 and NO× as well, because fossil fuel combustion is markedly reduced.
