ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on an anthropocentrically oriented approach to environmental rights, as 'environmental human rights'. It outlines how human rights are often conceptualised and typologised. The chapter also focuses on issues of environmental harms for rural peoples, communities and natural ecosystems, and the implications of these harms for human rights. The environmental impacts of fracking include increases in water pollution caused by drilling practices or by poor well integrity, increased risk of earthquakes and other geological disturbances and heightened air pollution. The International Labour Organization was founded in 1919 and has been a specialist agency of the United Nations since 1946. The chapter explores the criminogenic potential of allowing corporate interests to conceal not only the extent of chemical transference during extraction. The rural landscapes and populations most threatened by the ascendancy of fracking are the same populations already marginalised by histories of harmful resource extraction, economic deprivation, exploitation and sacrifice.
