ABSTRACT
Chapter 7 introduced processes of promotion and demotion: we looked at ways in which languages alter the argument structure o f verbs by changing their grammatical relations. As we saw, this led to changes in the core arguments of verbs – for instance, objects may be promoted to become subjects, and subjects may be demoted to an oblique phrase, or even deleted. In this chapter we will see that languages also have ways of moving phrases around within the clause without changing their grammatical relations. I concentrate particularly on two types of construction: wh-questions (Section 8.1) and relative clauses (8.2). We also look at focus and other movement constructions (Section 8.3).
