ABSTRACT
As humans grow older, their faces also undergo transformation. Early in
development, craniofacial growth results in global changes in shape (which
can be described mathematically by a so-called cardioid function; see, e.g.,
Please address all correspondence to Holger Wiese, DFG Research Unit Person Perception,
Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena,Am Steiger 3/1, 07743 Jena,
Germany. E-mail: holger.wiese@uni-jena.de
The authors’ work relating to this paper has been supported by grants of the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHW 511/8-1, WI 3219/4-1, WI 3219/5-2). We gratefully
acknowledge contributions by Carolin S. Altmann, who created the average faces in Figure 1,
and Franziska Krahmer for help with the preparation of Figure 3. We thank Dr. Romi Za¨ske for
providing the individual face stimuli in Figure 1, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
