ABSTRACT
The characteristic British social science in the nineteenth century was political economy, and, even though its founder, Adam Smith, had regarded the subject as part of a larger science of government, the classical economists came to see it as giving a total account of the laws of society. Such a view implied a political philosophy and a political theory. Demography, however, still remains with the sociologists and the study of differential educational opportunity, a subject of immense topicality, plays a central role in the study of the sociology of modern Britain. The focus of sociological study becomes, not the individual and his characteristics, but the social relations binding one individual to another; or as Durkheim likes to say, the forms of social solidarity. The other great founding father of British sociology is always said to be Charles Booth. Booth was inevitably the founder of the study called social administration. And finally author turn to industrial sociology.
