ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book saw how increasing mobility of students and programmes poses new regulatory challenges for governments. The governments focused on improving national higher education systems, grappling with the most effective ways of raising participation rates, reducing inequalities in access, aligning graduate outcomes with the workforce needs of the future. The efforts are complicated by the ever greater permeability of those national systems. It is tempting, and surprisingly common, to ignore the international 'leakage' between systems. A glance at the official description of higher education on any country's ministry of education website will normally portray a hermetically sealed national system, with national institutions serving national students. The students and providers who have entered or departed that national system are usually overlooked. It focuses on the states that at the forefront of developing innovative modes of governance of cross-border educational flow.
