ABSTRACT
Non-motorized transport (NMT), also called active transport, human-powered
transport, and fuel-free transport, includes travel modes such as walking and all
non-motorized vehicles (NMVs), for instance bicycles, cycle-rickshaws, carts,
working tricycles (World Bank 1995; Litman 2004; Bari and Efroymson 2005a;
Norcliffe 2011). NMT plays a critical role in transportation systems, and remains
an essential means of transport in many developing cities in the global South,
particularly for the socially and economically disadvantaged (Denmark 1998;
Pucher et al. 2007). More than 20 years ago Replogle (1992) conducted an extensive survey of NMT modes across Indian cities demonstrating the
dominance of walking, bicycles, and cycle-rickshaws over motorized vehicular
traffic, and the concentration of NMT use within lower-income households.
