ABSTRACT
Introduction The origins of playgrounds, stadiums, and country clubs in America are rooted in models established in Europe, with the Industrial Revolution and Progressive Era as watershed moments in the respective evolution of each. The playground was heavily influenced by German culture, the stadium was rooted in construction practices that emanated from ancient Greece and Rome, and the country club borrowed heavily from British traditions. All three gained construction-related momentum in the United States as a result of the Industrial Revolution and expanded profoundly during the Progressive Era.
