ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the historical and strategic context to show how Brazil is unique in the region. It discusses the changing nature and declining relevance of the region for Brazil's foreign policy goals, and explains how this middle power transformed itself into global power. Although Brazil defines itself as a 'peaceful country' and asserts that the peaceful resolution of conflict is an essential component of its foreign policy, it has not always been reluctant to use force. As Brazil's power has grown vis-a-vis its neighbors, it has felt less compelled to balance power relations via extra-regional alliances; and as its economic clout has developed, it has become a global exporter and grown less dependent on surrounding states. Today, Brazil is acknowledged as a player by the established world powers. The challenge for Brazilian foreign policy is to adapt to a world of declining Western hegemony and fragmenting Latin American interests.
