ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the psychological ideas as innate learning theories: Piagetian ideas, socio-cultural theories: Lev Vygotsky's and Jerome Bruner's ideas, and learning styles. Piaget argued that learning can only take place when a child has reached the required stage that would allow them to cognitively consider the proposed information. He laid out a four stage theory of cognitive development which highlighted when and how children consider incoming information: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget argued that people inherit two tendencies: schemas, and adaptation. Two processes make up their ability to adapt and these are assimilationand accommodation. Vygotsky outlined a zone of proximal development (ZPD) in which he suggested that a child's thinking will often be found to be just on the verge of being able to solve problems by themselves. According to his theory, understanding a child's limits and current performance is vital.
