ABSTRACT
This chapter offers a review and principal description of winterization measures and design guidelines for wind and snow control on Arctic onshore facilities and the appurtenant outdoor activity areas. The "Arctic" type of snow represents one of the key challenges with respect to the winterization of onshore facilities. The basic functionality found in traditional cold climate design and state-of-the-art wind, snow and ice management provides the basis for sustainable winterized onshore solutions. The chapter is based on research and the development of winterized solutions for the Snohvit process plant at Melkoya, land development on Sakhalin, offshore development on Goliat and Shtokman and residential, road and railroad projects in Norway. It concludes that in cold regions the wind increases the heat loss and represents the primary cause of drifting snow and several types of atmospheric icing.
